[2010-01-08 21:26 UTC] endosquid at endosquid dot com I submit that you may have missed the point: We are passing a (possibly uninitialized, or null-valued) variable to the function, in hundreds of places and web pages, and we would not expect such a fundamental function to suddenly return a different result.Rasmus Lerdorf was the original creator of PHP, which has evolved from his personal home page project into an open-source scripting language used worldwide. Lerdorf was interviewed recently via e ...Nov 21, 2021 · The New Life of PHP – The PHP Foundation. During PHP’s 26-year history, the language has been actively developed by a huge number of people, such as Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Andi Gutmans, Nikita Popov, and many, many others. In 2021, PHP is in for another round of evolution. Dr. Nielsen received his Ph.D. from UC-Berkeley in 1998, did postdoctoral research at Harvard University and worked as an assistant professor at Cornell University from 2000-2004. From 2004 he has been a Professor of Biology at the University of Copenhagen and he joined the faculty at the departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics at ...ภาษา PHP. 8 December 2016. ในบทเรียนนี้ คุณจะได้เรียนภาษา PHP ในพื้นฐาน เช่น โครงสร้างของภาษา ตัวแปร ตัวดำเนินการ คำสั่งควบคุม อาเรย์ ... PHP Programming at Wikibooks. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. [9] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995. [10] [11] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group. [12] PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home ...Aug 8, 2005 · Statistics of Rasmus Kumpulainen, a hockey player from Lahti, Finland born Aug 8 2005 who was active from 2022 to 2023. PHP 3.0 also supports a wide range of databases, including Oracle, Sybase, Solid, MySQ, mSQL, and PostgreSQL, as well as ODBC data sources. New features include persistent database connections, support for the SNMP and IMAP protocols, and a revamped C API for extending the language with new features.Rasmus Lerdorf. Rasmus Lerdorf (born on 22 November 1968) is a Danish-Canadian programmer. He created the PHP scripting language, authoring the first two versions of the language and participated in the development of later versions led by a group of developers including Jim Winstead (who later created blo.gs), Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Andi Gutmans, and Zeev Suraski.Feb 4, 2002 · Rasmus Lerdorf was the original creator of PHP, which has evolved from his personal home page project into an open-source scripting language used worldwide. Lerdorf was interviewed recently via e ... Nov 18, 2013 · Believe the hype: PHP founder backs Facebook's HipHop technology Rasmus Lerdorf also discusses language's security status, coming upgrades, and importance of getting out of the coder echo chamber Aug 1, 2023 · RarEntry::getMethod — Get pack method of the entry. RarEntry::getName — Get name of the entry. RarEntry::getPackedSize — Get packed size of the entry. RarEntry::getStream — Get file handler for entry. RarEntry::getUnpackedSize — Get unpacked size of the entry. RarEntry::getVersion — Get minimum version of RAR program required to ... Jan 22, 2022 · Rasmus Lerdorf. Rasmus Lerdorf (born on 22 November 1968) is a Danish-Canadian programmer. He created the PHP scripting language, authoring the first two versions of the language and participated in the development of later versions led by a group of developers including Jim Winstead (who later created blo.gs), Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Andi Gutmans, and Zeev Suraski. Programming PHP, 2nd Edition. by Rasmus Lerdorf, Kevin Tatroe, Peter MacIntyre. Released April 2006. Publisher (s): O'Reilly Media, Inc. ISBN: 9780596006815. Read it now on the O’Reilly learning platform with a 10-day free trial. O’Reilly members get unlimited access to books, live events, courses curated by job role, and more from O ...Both (a) and (c) Show Answer. Workspace. 8) Which of the following is the use of strlen () function in PHP? The strlen () function returns the type of string. The strlen () function returns the length of string. The strlen () function returns the value of string. The strlen () function returns both value and type of string.Aug 30, 2021 · PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language that many devs use for web development. It is also a general-purpose language that you can use to make lots of projects, including Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this article, I will help you explore the world of PHP so you can learn how it works and its basic features. PHP: Introduction Introduction PHP is one of the most prevalent Web programming languages for creating dynamic Web content. Its similarity to C’sNov 21, 2021 · The New Life of PHP – The PHP Foundation. During PHP’s 26-year history, the language has been actively developed by a huge number of people, such as Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Andi Gutmans, Nikita Popov, and many, many others. In 2021, PHP is in for another round of evolution. Oct 11, 2021 · Rasmus Lerdorf's work created the web as we know it, but he doesn't care for coding. "I really don't like programming. I built this tool to program less so that I could just reuse code," he said ... PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ».PHP provides functions to convert to and from URL encoding, which allows you to build and decode URLs. There are actually two types of URL encoding, which differ in how they treat spaces. The first (specified by RFC 3986) treats a space as just another illegal character in a URL and encodes it as %20. PHP 3.0 also supports a wide range of databases, including Oracle, Sybase, Solid, MySQ, mSQL, and PostgreSQL, as well as ODBC data sources. New features include persistent database connections, support for the SNMP and IMAP protocols, and a revamped C API for extending the language with new features.Chapterwise Multiple Choice Questions on PHP. Our 1000+ MCQs focus on all topics of the PHP subject, covering 100+ topics. This will help you to prepare for exams, contests, online tests, quizzes, viva-voce, interviews, and certifications. You can practice these MCQs chapter by chapter starting from the 1st chapter or you can jump to any ... The Zend Engine is a compiler and runtime environment for the PHP scripting language and consists of the Zend Virtual Machine, which is composed of the Zend Compiler and the Zend Executor, that compiles and executes the PHP code. [2] It was originally developed by Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski while they were students at the Technion – Israel ...4 IV. Operators A. Assignment 1. = += -= /= *= %= ++ -- - like most programming languages. 2. .= - string concatenation operator (see strings section). B. ArithmeticMar 15, 2000 · Statistics of Rasmus Kupari, a hockey player from Kotka, Finland born Mar 15 2000 who was active from 2017 to 2023. 4 IV. Operators A. Assignment 1. = += -= /= *= %= ++ -- - like most programming languages. 2. .= - string concatenation operator (see strings section). B. ArithmeticВход за. проучвания. ID номер: Парола: При затруднения, моля, изпратете ни Вашия лабораторен номер/ID на [email protected]. This year’s annual phpDay Italian PHP conference in Verona ended with a surprisingly reflective talk from the original creator of PHP. As the closing speaker, 50-year-old Rasmus Lerdorf looked back over the web backend programming language’s last 25 years, and offered some lessons learned from the evolution of a humble hypertext ...Something happened to main Copyright © 2001-2023 The PHP Group; Other PHP.net sites; Privacy policyRasmus Lerdorf – 25 years of PHP PHP Barcelona 1.07K subscribers Subscribe Like Share 14K views 3 years ago BARCELONA It is a real privilege to have the creator of the PHP language kicking off...PHP is an open-source, interpreted, and object-oriented scripting language that can be executed at the server-side. PHP is well suited for web development. Therefore, it is used to develop web applications (an application that executes on the server and generates the dynamic page.). PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but appeared in the ...Rasmus Winther Højlund ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁɑsmus ˈhʌjˌlɔnˀ]; [4] born 4 February 2003) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Premier League club Manchester United and the Denmark national team . Højlund graduated from Copenhagen 's youth academy, making his first-team debut for the club aged 17 in ...Rasmus Lerdorf is a computer programmer that was born in Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland on November 6th, 1968. A graduate of King City Secondary School in 1988, and from the University of Waterloo in ... PHP provides functions to convert to and from URL encoding, which allows you to build and decode URLs. There are actually two types of URL encoding, which differ in how they treat spaces. The first (specified by RFC 3986) treats a space as just another illegal character in a URL and encodes it as %20. Nov 11, 2002 · Simple, to the point, and compact--in fact, exactly what you've come to expect in an O'Reilly Pocket Reference--the second edition of PHP Pocket Reference is thoroughly updated to include the specifics of PHP 4.Written by the founder of the PHP Project, Rasmus Lerdorf, PHP Pocket Reference is both a handy introduction to PHP syntax and structure, and a quick reference to the vast array of ... Mar 26, 2002 · Programming PHP is an authoritative guide to PHP 4 and is filled with the unique knowledge of the creator of PHP, Rasmus Lerdorf. This book explains PHP language syntax and programming techniques in a clear and concise manner, with numerous examples that illustrate both correct usage and common idioms. The book also includes style tips and ... PHP frameworks. In his address he choose to highlight PHP frameworks (Drupal was not spared) and how poor they are at performance. Not only are they slow, but their "jack-of-all-trades" attitude ...60. If you can get to the console of the server running PHP, type: php -i | grep 'GD\|ImageMagick'. This will tell you if GD or ImageMagick is installed and running. Share. Improve this answer. Follow. answered Sep 9, 2016 at 13:54.Pengertian PHP. PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) adalah sebuah bahasa pemrograman server side scripting yang bersifat open source. Sebagai sebuah scripting language, PHP menjalankan instruksi pemrograman saat proses runtime. Hasil dari instruksi tentu akan berbeda tergantung data yang diproses.Paperback. $17.99 - $296.01 31 Used from $2.50 1 New from $296.01 1 Collectible from $37.59. Simple, to the point, and compact--in fact, exactly what you've come to expect in an O'Reilly Pocket Reference--the second edition of PHP Pocket Reference is thoroughly updated to include the specifics of PHP 4.Written by the founder of the PHP Project ...Вход за. проучвания. ID номер: Парола: При затруднения, моля, изпратете ни Вашия лабораторен номер/ID на [email protected], to the point, and compact--in fact, exactly what you've come to expect in an O'Reilly Pocket Reference--the second edition of PHP Pocket Reference is thoroughly updated to include the specifics of PHP 4.Written by the founder of the PHP Project, Rasmus Lerdorf, PHP Pocket Reference is both a handy introduction to PHP syntax and structure, and a quick reference to the vast array of ...Rasmus Lerdorf's work created the web as we know it, but he doesn't care for coding. "I really don't like programming. I built this tool to program less so that I could just reuse code," he said ...Something happened to main Copyright © 2001-2023 The PHP Group; Other PHP.net sites; Privacy policy Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.There are countless reasons to bash on PHP because, frankly, it is a pretty terrible language[1]. However, this is not a valid reason. The bug reporter is being idiotic and needlessly disrespectful, and is making a big deal out of something that can be easily fixed with a simple `sed` command, as Rasmus demonstrated.Arrow functions have the basic form fn (argument_list) => expr . Arrow functions support the same features as anonymous functions, except that using variables from the parent scope is always automatic. When a variable used in the expression is defined in the parent scope it will be implicitly captured by-value.Nov 11, 2002 · Simple, to the point, and compact--in fact, exactly what you've come to expect in an O'Reilly Pocket Reference--the second edition of PHP Pocket Reference is thoroughly updated to include the specifics of PHP 4.Written by the founder of the PHP Project, Rasmus Lerdorf, PHP Pocket Reference is both a handy introduction to PHP syntax and structure, and a quick reference to the vast array of ... Nov 11, 2019 · PHP is a programming language used by web developers to build dynamic websites that are able to interact with the database. It is mostly used to develop web-based software. There are a lot of dynamic web pages present on the internet. As PHP is the fundamental of a dynamic webpage, it is a widely known technology in the IT Industry. Mar 23, 2022. 1. PHP is an all-around general-purpose scripting language geared toward web development. Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf created it in 1994. The PHP Group now delivers the PHP reference performance. PHP initially stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor ...Rasmus Lerdorf's work created the web as we know it, but he doesn't care for coding. "I really don't like programming. I built this tool to program less so that I could just reuse code," he said ...Rasmus Lerdorf is a computer programmer that was born in Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland on November 6th, 1968. A graduate of King City Secondary School in 1988, and from the University of Waterloo in ...Aug 24, 2023 · [2017-01-30 18:07 UTC] [email protected] Description: ----- Playing a bit with the Microsoft Tolerant PHP parser and I noticed a segfault. Filing a bug here so I don't forget about it. Feb 27, 2006 · Goals for this approach. Keep the PHP code in the views extremely simple: function calls, simple loops and variable substitutions should be all you need. When possible, avoid layers and other complexities to make code easier to audit. Use APC and apc_store/apc_fetch for caching data that rarely changes. PHP frameworks. In his address he choose to highlight PHP frameworks (Drupal was not spared) and how poor they are at performance. Not only are they slow, but their "jack-of-all-trades" attitude ...However by October Rasmus’ complete rewrite of the code made it easy to adopt for developers who already knew C, Perl and similar languages. PHP was on the path to becoming a programming language. Yet, this organic transformation from CGI to its own language wasn’t something Rasmus expected. "I don’t [sic] know how to stop it.PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language that many devs use for web development. It is also a general-purpose language that you can use to make lots of projects, including Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this article, I will help you explore the world of PHP so you can learn how it works and its basic features.Aug 8, 2005 · Statistics of Rasmus Kumpulainen, a hockey player from Lahti, Finland born Aug 8 2005 who was active from 2022 to 2023. Apr 28, 2006 · As the industry standard book on PHP, all of the essentials are covered in a clear and concise manner. Language syntax and programming techniques are coupled with numerous examples that illustrate both correct usage and common idioms. With style tips and practical programming advice, this book will help you become not just a PHP programmer, but ... Aug 30, 2021 · PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language that many devs use for web development. It is also a general-purpose language that you can use to make lots of projects, including Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this article, I will help you explore the world of PHP so you can learn how it works and its basic features. Вход за. проучвания. ID номер: Парола: При затруднения, моля, изпратете ни Вашия лабораторен номер/ID на [email protected] nearly 7 years of service I retired my Asus RT-16 router, which wasn't really a router, but a re-purposed wifi access point running AdvancedTomato. In its place I got a Ubiquiti EdgeRouter Lite. It is Debian-based and has a dual-core 500MHz 64-Bit MIPS CPU (Cavium Octeon+), 512M of ram and a 4... Nov 12. 2013.PHP is an open-source, HTML-embedded scripting language that allows you to handle tasks such as processing form input and working with databases directly in your HTML pages, rather than through CGI scripts.The PHP Pocket Reference is both a handy introduction to PHP syntax and structure and a quick reference to the vast array of functions provided by PHP.Programming PHP, 2nd Edition, is the authoritative guide to PHP 5 and is filled with the unique knowledge of the creator of PHP (Rasmus Lerdorf) and other PHP experts. When it comes to creating websites, the PHP scripting language is truly a red-hot property. In fact, PHP is currently used on more than 19 million websites, surpassing Microsoft ...Mar 29, 2021 · The official PHP Git server, git.php.net, was compromised on Sunday 28th of March 2021. The attacker managed to impersonate two of the PHP maintainers, and placed a backdoor that would enable them to remotely execute code by sending a specially crafted HTTP request. Prior to this incident, git.php.net was the official PHP source code repository. Introduction to PHP. PHP is a server-side and general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page. However, now, it stands for Hypertext Preprocessor. It’s a recursive acronym because the first word itself is also an acronym. PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. PHP is a language that's become popular for web apps. Some of PHP's notable non-features include: No Namespaces: PHP doesn't have a concept of namespace, which means it's got a load of functions in "core", and addon packages have to be careful not to step on each other.PHP is a type of open-source general-purpose scripting language fit for server-side programming. It is a popular choice in web development in creating dynamic pages and applications. The acronym used to stand for ‘Personal Home Page’. But, now, PHP is known as Hypertext Preprocessor.Programming PHP is an authoritative guide to PHP 4 and is filled with the unique knowledge of the creator of PHP, Rasmus Lerdorf. This book explains PHP language syntax and programming techniques in a clear and concise manner, with numerous examples that illustrate both correct usage and common idioms. The book also includes style tips and ... Jun 25, 2019 · Introduction to PHP: PHP was first conceived in the year 1994 and was originally the work of Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP originally stands for Personal Home Page, but it was changed with GNU(Gnu`s Not Linux) recursive naming conventions and now it stands for Hypertext Pre-processor. PHP is one of the most popular server-side scripting languages which are widely used for creating websites. As of 2019 ... Dec 6, 2019 · It is a real privilege to have the creator of the PHP language kicking off the return of the conference with an inspiring keynote!Rasmus will talk about all ... Nov 23, 2020 · Rasmus is the name of someone who is very loving and caring. a Rasmus has a lot of energy and loves the outdoors. a Rasmus is very active, but also loves candy and sweets. a Rasmus is very attractive and many people love a Rasmus for their fun and crazy personality and gorgeous looks. a Rasmus will never let you down and is very loyal to friends and lovers. you can always trust a Rasmus. if ... Here we would like to show the very basics of PHP in a short, simple tutorial. This text only deals with dynamic web page creation with PHP, though PHP is not only capable of creating web pages. See the section titled What can PHP do for more information. PHP-enabled web pages are treated just like regular HTML pages and you can create and edit ...After a lot of work by a lot of developers, PHP 4.0 was released on May 22, 2000. Since that release, there have been a few minor releases of PHP 4, with the latest version as of this writing being 4.1.1. As this book goes to press, there is talk of PHP Version 5, which is likely to improve the internals of PHP’s object system.Feb 27, 2006 · Goals for this approach. Keep the PHP code in the views extremely simple: function calls, simple loops and variable substitutions should be all you need. When possible, avoid layers and other complexities to make code easier to audit. Use APC and apc_store/apc_fetch for caching data that rarely changes. Ease of use. When it comes to programming languages, PHP is one of the easier ones to learn. This is because even though its syntax is rigid, it is also forgiving. Aside from this obvious benefit, you can also access multiple libraries and resources to ensure that your code is optimized for speed and efficiency.PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language that many devs use for web development. It is also a general-purpose language that you can use to make lots of projects, including Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this article, I will help you explore the world of PHP so you can learn how it works and its basic features.メインページ; コミュニティ・ポータル; 最近の出来事; 新しいページ; 最近の更新; おまかせ表示; 練習用ページ; アップロード (ウィキメディア・コモンズ)PHP 3. PHP 3.0 was the first version that closely resembles PHP as it exists today. Finding PHP/FI 2.0 still inefficient and lacking features they needed to power an eCommerce application they were developing for a university project, Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski of Tel Aviv, Israel, began yet another complete rewrite of the underlying parser in 1997.Aug 30, 2021 · PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language that many devs use for web development. It is also a general-purpose language that you can use to make lots of projects, including Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this article, I will help you explore the world of PHP so you can learn how it works and its basic features. Programming PHP, 2nd Edition, is the authoritative guide to PHP 5 and is filled with the unique knowledge of the creator of PHP (Rasmus Lerdorf) and other PHP experts. When it comes to creating websites, the PHP scripting language is truly a red-hot property. In fact, PHP is currently used on more than 19 million websites, surpassing Microsoft ...Sep 1, 2020 · PHP สามารถทำอะไรได้บ้าง. PHP สามารถทำงานในสิ่งที่โปรแกรม CGI สามารถทำได้และทำได้มากกว่าด้วย ยกตัวอย่างเช่น การเก็บข้อมูล การ ... Rasmus Winther Højlund ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁɑsmus ˈhʌjˌlɔnˀ]; [4] born 4 February 2003) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Premier League club Manchester United and the Denmark national team . Højlund graduated from Copenhagen 's youth academy, making his first-team debut for the club aged 17 in ...@rasmus. PHP in 2015 with a focus on performance 20 Years of PHP!?? Argh! PHP Announcement June 8, 1995 Posted to comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi Subject: Announce: Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) Announcing the Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) version 1.0. These tools are a set of small tight cgi binaries written in C.PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites
PHP is an incredibly popular programming language. Statistics say it’s used by 80% of all websites. It’s the language that powers WordPress, the widely used content management system for websites. And it also powers a lot of different frameworks that make Web Development easier, like Laravel. Speaking of Laravel, it. 50 pack of pink flamingos
Comparing Selected Criteria of Programming Languages Java, PHP, C++, Perl, Haskell, AspectJ, Ruby, COBOL, Bash Scripts and Scheme Revision 1.0 - a Team CPLgroup COMP6411-S10 Term ReportSomething happened to main Copyright © 2001-2023 The PHP Group; Other PHP.net sites; Privacy policyPHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websitesProgramming PHP, 2nd Edition, is the authoritative guide to PHP 5 and is filled with the unique knowledge of the creator of PHP (Rasmus Lerdorf) and other PHP experts. When it comes to creating websites, the PHP scripting language is truly a red-hot property. In fact, PHP is currently used on more than 19 million websites, surpassing Microsoft ...Nov 18, 2013 · Believe the hype: PHP founder backs Facebook's HipHop technology Rasmus Lerdorf also discusses language's security status, coming upgrades, and importance of getting out of the coder echo chamber Feb 7, 2022 · PHP is a type of open-source general-purpose scripting language fit for server-side programming. It is a popular choice in web development in creating dynamic pages and applications. The acronym used to stand for ‘Personal Home Page’. But, now, PHP is known as Hypertext Preprocessor. 2 days ago · Rasmus Hojlund has quickly won the approval of his Manchester United teammate Casemiro after the young striker’s club debut against Arsenal on Sunday. Arsenal news, exclusives and analysis This ... Introduction to PHP. PHP is a server-side and general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page. However, now, it stands for Hypertext Preprocessor. It’s a recursive acronym because the first word itself is also an acronym. PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. Mar 26, 2002 · Programming PHP is an authoritative guide to PHP 4 and is filled with the unique knowledge of the creator of PHP, Rasmus Lerdorf. This book explains PHP language syntax and programming techniques in a clear and concise manner, with numerous examples that illustrate both correct usage and common idioms. The book also includes style tips and ... A one-page opcache status page. Contribute to rlerdorf/opcache-status development by creating an account on GitHub.Goals for this approach. Keep the PHP code in the views extremely simple: function calls, simple loops and variable substitutions should be all you need. When possible, avoid layers and other complexities to make code easier to audit. Use APC and apc_store/apc_fetch for caching data that rarely changes.Aug 1, 2023 · PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. Nice, but what does that mean? Aug 1, 2023 · PHP Authors; Contribution Authors; Zend Scripting Language Engine : Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Stanislav Malyshev, Marcus Boerger, Dmitry Stogov, Xinchen Hui, Nikita Popov Mar 23, 2022. 1. PHP is an all-around general-purpose scripting language geared toward web development. Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf created it in 1994. The PHP Group now delivers the PHP reference performance. PHP initially stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor ....